Solar Distillation Units use solar thermal energy to evaporate and condense water, separating it from salts, heavy metals, and pathogens. Typically made from simple materials such as glass, plastic sheeting, and metal trays, these units are low-cost, off-grid solutions for producing safe drinking water.
The process mimics the natural water cycle:sunlight heats contaminated or saline water in a sealed basin; vapor condenses on a clear cover and is collected in clean containers. These units are particularly useful in arid or coastal regions with limited freshwater sources and are effective in removing chemical and biological contaminants.
Solar distillers support community resilience, health, and water security, and can be built and maintained using local materials and labor. They are well-suited for household or small community use, humanitarian contexts, and climate adaptation strategies.